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FOURTH YEAR 2015 ASSIGNMENTS 

DS 50 HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ASSIGNMENT ONE

Give a critical analysis of the various elements of Human security?

The concept of Human Security has evolved from State Security along side with the enlarging and deepening of globalism. Scholte (2013:87) describes human security as 'not an objective fact but rather an interrelation of material and the ideal’. Human security is different from national security elements. The main areas that will come under evaluation in human security include; health, food, economic, environmental, safety (personal and community) and political. All of these issues are interlinked to build the concept of human security.

The 1994 Human Development Report defined human security as people's ......READ MORE HERE 

DS 50 HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ASSIGNMENT TWO


Why in your opinion are women issues considered as development issues?

Since women are half the world, every Government decision, and every economic process affects them. The definition of what constitutes a women's issue must be more restrictive than this. Three approaches are suggested. On one, policies are seen as women's issues to the extent that they affect women deferentially. The report suggests that this might indeed apply to a wide range of policies. On a second, the paper distinguishes problems into equity-based and efficiency based. The third, and most emphasized classification, is in gender specific processes. Four such processes are distinguished, together with their interactions. Women's issues then are a matter of understanding how these processes can be alleviated. The essay presents author’s opinion on why women issues are considered as development issues.

Sylvia Chant (2003) assert that, “Women’s role in the society has been a controversial issue of debate over the decades; some arguing that rapid population growth appear to be the major obstacles for the advancement of women, while other critics blame the low status.......READ MORE HERE 

DS 49 PUBLIC FINANCE, GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT


1. There are many conditions for market failure and these includes a) failure of competition, b) incomplete and missing markets, c) public goods, d) externalities, e) information failures and general disequilibrium.Discuss each of these conditions.

2. Discuss the rationale for government intervention in an economy and various instruments that government use to intervene in the country.

Market efficiency is the property of society maximizes the benefits it achieves from the use of its scarce resources. When the production is efficient, the economy will obtain all it can from the scarce resources that is available and there is no way to produce more than a good without producing less of other goods. Market failure is a circumstance which a market will overlook its own fails to allocate resources efficiently. Thus, there are several possibilities that can cause market failure such as externalities, disequilibrium market power and public goods as well as incomplete information. This paper aims at discussing these factors and rationale for market intervention in an economy and the various instruments used to intervene in the economy.

In economics, market failure is a situation in which the allocation of goods and services is not efficient. That is, there exists another conceivable outcome where an individual may be made better-off without making someone else worse-off (Bowles, 2004). Market failures can be viewed as scenarios where individuals' pursuit of pure self-interest leads to results that are not efficient – that can be improved upon from the societal point of view. In view of the above, it can said that, a market failure is a situation where free markets fail to allocate resources efficiently. Economists identify the following cases of market failure......READ MORE HERE 

2. Discuss the rationale for government intervention in an economy and various instruments that government use to intervene in the country.

Governments may also intervene in markets to promote general economic fairness. Governments often try, through taxation and welfare programs, to reallocate financial resources from the wealthy to those that are most in need. Other examples of market intervention for socio-economic reasons include employment laws to protect certain segments of the population and the regulation of the manufacture of certain products to ensure the health and well-being of consumers (Bowles,2004:12).

DS 47 TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT

Critically discuss the role of tariffs and other barriers to trade in international trade and state how the tariffs on the import of good can lead to decline in consumption of both the import and export good.

This essay provides an overview of the role of tariffs to trade in international trade and it state how the tariffs on the import of good can lead to decline in consumption of both the import of good to decline in consumption of both the import and export good. It has been concluded at the end of the essay that, international trade promotes high standard of living for trading nations and hence, despite its various ill effects, it is best to practice international trade as it provides economic and social benefits to economies bringing about an upturn in global economy.

Trade among countries has existed for a long period now. The trade between Asia and Europe marks this fact as Morrison (2006, pp.314-315) examines that these two continents have engaged in Trade since a long period. He also suggests.....READ MORE HERE 

QUESTION 1: What problems would the minster of finance encounter in the process of budgeting formulation and implementation in Zambia?

QUESTION2: With the help of appropriate examples, critically discuss citizen participation in public affairs in Zambia. 

QUESTION 1: Define the concept development. Discuss the different facts of development. Which dimensions do you think is/are important and Why? 

QUESTION 2: What is economic development and economic growth? Discuss why countries such as Zambia registering high growth rates still has alarming levels of poverty?

 

Question 3:  Define the concept of development. What are the different contemporary issues in development? How do you think these issues can be resolved?

 Question 1. Compare and contrast the capitalist and the socialist development strategies. Which approach do you think can offers a reasonable solution to Africas development malaise?

Question 2: NGOs hav assumed a fundamental role in the development process in countries such as those in Africa.What are the advantages and disadvantages of NGOs in the development discourse?

Question 3: What is foreign aid? Discuss the different types of foreign aid. What are the advantages and disadvantages of foreign aid in the development process of countries such as those in Africa?

Foreign aid is once again under fire. Every so often a few politicians usually Republicans get up in arms about our government's gift of large amounts of money to other countries. Equally often, media stories appear detailing how ineffective aid supposedly is. The picture emerges that foreign aid is unnecessary, ineffective, and wasteful. In these paper different definitions of foreign aid has been discussed, types of foreign aid. In the same aptitude advantages and disadvantages of foreign aid has been discussed.

Foreign aid has been given different meanings by different schools of thought with respect to its structure, its ……Read the full essay HERE.

Question 4: Discuss Structural Adjustment Programmes. What are the advantages and disadvantages of SAPs in the development process of adjusting countries such as those in Africa? Do this by using a specific case study.

PL 115 INTRODUCTION TO POLITICAL SCIENCE

QUESTION 1: Karl marx advocated a classless society after the workers overthrow the capitalists (owners of the means of production) from power. Do you think that a classless society is attainable and sustainable in the century?

QUESTION 2: Can the study of politics be scientific or not? Give reasons for your answer.

Can politics be studied scientifically, and if so, how? Assuming it is impossible to justify values by human reason alone; social science has come to consider an unreflective relativism the only viable basis, not only for its own operations, but for liberal societies more generally. Although the experience of the sixties has made social scientists more sensitive to the importance of values, it has not led to a fundamental reexamination of value relativism, which remains the basis of contemporary social science….READ MORE HERE.

QUESTION 3: Critically evaluate Platos justification of rule by Philosopher Kings.

In Plato's most famous work 'Republic' he puts forward the view that only the study of philosophy would allow man to see what was good and just. Therefore to cure the ill's of society it would be necessary to either make kings philosophers or make philosophers kings. This paper intends to evaluate how critical Plato justifies this view and then attempt to point out some possible problems with this justification and to forward my own view that 'the people' should ultimately be king.

Peikoff (1991: 40) explains that Plato's starting point was his recognition that justice…..READ MORE HERE.

QUESTION 4

What is history materialism? To what extent historical materialism provide a plausible explanation to what is prevailing in society today?

Historical Materialism is a theory that privileges the economic in explanation of non-economic phenomena. It is sometimes known as the materialist conception of history or the economic interpretation of history. In endeavoring to understand Historical Materialism it is imperative that we define Materialism and Historical Materialism as they are key terminologies used in our discussion. The understanding which states that reality is only material which includes matter and energy is what known as Materialism. That there are no Gods or supernatural phenomenon. Ideas, dreams, etc. are all part of material reality. And this timely study focuses on the notion in question of what ‘historical materialism’ is and the extent it affect the prevailing happening in today’s society. ‘Based on this ground this paper is birthed and in the course we will cite Karl Marx being the first scholars to expose this conceptual theory.

 The starting point of historical materialism is as Karl M (1978:141) denotes that, "the real individuals, their activity and the material conditions of life, both those which they find already existing and those produced by their activity." He further asserts that… Read the full essay HERE.

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QUESTION 5:  Karl Marx advocated a classless society after the workers overthrow the capitalists (owners of the means of production) from power. Do you think that a classless society is attainable and sustainable in this century?

Classless society is a term used by political and social theorists in a variety of contexts. It is used to describe societies in which classes have never developed, such as tribal and nomadic communities in which all the members have similar economic roles. It is also used to describe an ideal state in which every member of society has an equal status. It is for this purpose that this paper is an argumentative essay on whether a classless society is attainable and sustainable in this century? The paper starts by defining a classless society and the second part is the discussion on the hinge of the subject.

The term 'classless society' is sometimes also used to describe a hierarchical society in which a person's status is not determined by their birth. For example, the British Prime Minister John Major said in 1990, "I want changes……… READ MORE HERE.

QUESTION 6:  Critically discuss the sustainability of private and public administration dichotomy in Zambia.

Historically in two different institutional approaches to management science have developed: one in the private sector and one in the public sector. Recently, this conventional taxonomy has been challenged, and around the country there has been emerging a more generic approach to management. In response to this, public administration theorists have developed a new body of literature emphasizing the differences between the two sectors. The central purpose of this paper is to discuss sustainability of private and public administration dichotomy in Zambia within the context of available literature. As such, the key substantive issue discussed here is whether there is an inherent conflict between the rational, private management model with its criteria of economic efficiency and the political public management model with its criteria of consensus and compromise.

Public Administration dates from endeavors to separate public from private and to insist that public institutions should be devoted solely to advancing the general public interest. Its practice and theory have evolved through time to fit the needs and challenges of society.

In this paper dichotomy is any splitting ….. READ MORE HERE.

QUESTION 7: What is regionalism? Discuss the advantages that can merge from regionalism for participating countries. Do this by citing specific examples.

Regionalism is a rapidly growing concept in the economic development community. Today’s global economy has literally changed the rules of economic development forever. The days of site selectors and corporate real estate reps working with individual communities when looking to site a project have come and gone. Today’s site selectors and corporate real estate representatives follow a more regional approach when looking to site projects. At its base regionalism involves removing boundaries in site selection. In other words site selectors do not look to traditional barriers such as City Limits, County or State lines or even borders of Countries. The concept is to look at a particular region, its combined assets and its unique advent. It is against this milieu that this paper discusses the meaning of regionalism. In the same capacity, the paper discusses the advantages that can emerge from regionalism for participating countries. Do this by citing specific examples. READ MORE HERE.

QUESTION 8: What is dialectical materialism? Why is it known as dialectical? To what extent do dialectical laws of nature explain what is prevailing in society today?

Since the beginning of recorded history, people have been striving to answer essential questions about nature and human society. In earlier times, almost all events in nature were attributed to divine beings or a godlike force. The existing social order that governed the relations between people was explained as part of the same natural order. It is against this background that this paper discusses the meaning of dialectical materialism and reason it is known as dialectical. In the same vein, extent to why dialectical laws of nature explain what is prevailing in society today.

QUESTION 9 :What is entrepreneurship? What role do you think entrepreneurship can play in development of poor countries such as those in Africa?

The purpose of this paper is to offer an overview definition of entrepreneurship and importance of encouraging entrepreneurship in Africa. In the same vein, how Entrepreneurship help in the growth of the county has been discussed. First, broad agreement on the application of the term “indigenous,” has been discussed in the context of entrepreneurship. Second, the heart of the paper on the importance of encouraging entrepreneurship in Africa has been discussed.

To start with Kabaso (2012:12) defines, entrepreneurship as, “the capacity and willingness to develop organize and manage a business venture along with any of its risks in order to make a profit.” The most obvious example of entrepreneurship is the starting of new businesses…..

QUESTION 10 : WHAT IS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND ECONOMIC GROWTH? DISCUSS WHY SUCH COUNTRIES AS ZAMBIA REGISTERING HIGH GROWTH RATES STILL HAS ALARMING LEVELS OF POVERTY.

There are a lot of reasons to explain why Zambia still experiencing poverty despite experiencing growth and they're very interconnected and complicated. Two of the biggies are the impacts of colonialism and SAPs (structural adjustment programs). Both impact the amount of infrastructure available. A lack of infrastructure makes production and transportation difficult and repels foreign investment. The paper attempts to answer why the majority of Zambians still live in poverty despite the Zambian economic growth recorded recently.

Economic growth and development has traditionally been subject of economics since Adam Smith and it is still focused by theoretical, methodological practical experts as well…READ MORE HERE.

QUESTION 11: Explain how pattern variables can be used as a guide in decision making by those holding public office. READ MORE HERE.

QUESTION 12

Identify a research topic that is sociological in nature on any subject of interest in Zambian society, and explain what is sociological about the selected topic with reference to the concepts Pitrim Sorokin argued define a sociological research topic – interaction, society, law-norm, and culture. READ MORE HERE.