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SAMPLE ESSAYS SOLUTIONS.

PAM 3030  HUMAN RESOURCE AND LABOUR RELATIONS

Following the president’s directive to effect a triple retirement age. Explain the major challenges that the human resource department will face in implementing this new human resource policy.

The question of what the minimum statutory retirement age should be has sparked debate in Zambia. This follows the announcement by President Lungu that new government to increase the minimum pensionable age from 55 years to 65 years. THE retirement age in Zambia is now 65. The law has been stamped and it is now a legal standard, period. This means that all those who were due to retire at age 55, which has been prevailing for the last decades, will now continue working until they are 65 years old. The new minimum state pensionable age would remain mandatory to the public and private sectors, with all employees continuing to make their contributions to NAPSA through their employers, as set out under existing legislation. Given the above situation, this essay aims at discussing the challenges that the human resource department will face in implementing this new human resource policy. 

The Government’s proposal appears to be based on the belief that increasing the minimum state age of retirement is absolutely necessary because the current age limit discriminates against those who are willing to work longer (Kamwengo,2001). President Sata explicitly noted that “people still wanted to continue working even after they had ….Read more.

Discuss the view that non-state intervention in industrial relations is intervention in favor of capital.

The role of the state in modern capitalist economies can hardly be ignored. Whether through legislation, macro-economic policy or its role as an employer, the presence of the state is pervasive. Zambia like many other developing countries has developed an Industrial Relations System in which the state plays an active role. As in other African Countries, the state through its most powerful apparatus-Government have accepted and are applying the policies based on the belief that the other parties in Industrial Relations System (workers and Employers) cannot be left entirely to regulate all aspect of the work system. It is against this backdrop that this paper argues against the statement that non-state intervention in industrial relation is intervention in favor of capital.

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Practically discuss Zambia's decentralization policy to that of Uganda. In your view, which of the two is more progressive than the other?

Conclusion

The purpose of this paper was to examine the Zambia’s and Uganda’s decentralization. The Decentralisation policy in Zambia has not performed to expected standards in the recent past compared to  Uganda  which has developed a local government system based on the constitution and an elaborate Local Governments Act. The local council structures described in this paper are Uganda’s primary institutions for the promotion of good governance, increased people’s participation and improved service delivery. Most service delivery indicators show positive improvements. Thus, we conclude that decentralization in Uganda has not only opened up opportunities for empowerment of the people, but has also led to improvements in service delivery…….

References

Mukwena, R M. (1991), "Zambia's Local Administration Act, 1980: An Examination of the Integration Objective", Africanus Vol.21, Nos.1 and 2, pp.22-30.

Mukwena, R. M. (I 992), "Zambia's Local Administration Act, 1980: A Critical Appraisal of the Integration Objective", Public Administration and Development, Vol. 12, No.3, pp.237247

Museveni, Y. K., (1992), What is Africa’s Problem? NRM Publications, Kampala.

Mutibwa Phares, (1992), Uganda Since Independence: A Story of Unfulfilled Hopes, Fountain Publishers Ltd., Kampala.

Nsibambi, Apolo, (ed.), (1998), Decentralisation and Civil Society in Uganda: The Quest for Good Governance, Fountain Publishers Ltd., Kampala.

PAM 2010 NATIONAL GOVERRNRMENT AND ADMINISTRATION

Assignment One

Distinguish between power and authority. Demonstrate how a high degree of Legitimacy can make governance easier.

Many people often wonder what difference is between power and authority. Power is often identified by people who hold a particular office or position. For example, many would refer to the President of the United States as a very powerful person. However, the President does not have the authority to do as he or she wishes. Legislation cannot be passed by the President just because he or she wants it. This paper endeavors to distinguish power and authority and after this it shall demonstrate how a high degree of legitimacy can make governance easier and finally, conclusion will be drawn based on the discussion in the paper.

Barnard (2001: 51) defines power as, “to the ability of a person or a group to influence the beliefs and actions of other people.”………GET MORE OF THIS HERE

Assignment Two

Define Bureaucracy. Using examples explain the application of the tenets of bureaucracy in modern management and highlight its short coming.

This paper will define Bureaucracy and by the use of practical examples it will explain the application of the tenets of Bureaucracy in modern management and will highlight its shortcomings.

Max Weber was a German historian and sociologist (1864 – 1920) who played a major role in the development of a system of organization called bureaucracy. He is referred to as the father of bureaucracy. Bureaucracy emerged from problems associated with big business enterprises and increasing complexity of government operations. According to Weber, bureaucracy is an approach to management by office or position rather than a person. Weber designed patterns of relationships to guide complex organizational activities in a systematic manner to fulfill the needs of clients. He…….READ MORE

Assignment Three

Using practical examples, discuss the pros and cons of the unitary and federal system of government.

With pros and cons meaning ‘advantages’ or ‘merits’ and ‘disadvantages’ or ‘demerits’ (Longman dictionary, 2011: 703) respectively, it is the aim of this task to discuss these two models. It will begin by discussing the unitary system and then the federal system will follow while providing key definitions to the models. A case reference to Zambia and Nigeria shall be adhered to as required while notable current examples in any of the countries shall be cited. In each system discussion, the merits and demerits will be forwarded and a conclusive understanding or view will give it an end.

The Unitary System

The term unitary stems from the word ‘unit’ which means ‘one part of something, that is whole or complete in itself but is also part of the bigger part’ (Longman dictionary, 2008:  975). Since a government system does not only encompass the mechanism of government…..READ MORE